资产质量优化英文简写

如何评价企业资产质量（国外英文资料）Academic journals - theoretical learning and exploration - important articles - how to evaluate the quality of enterprise assetsHome |The party school profiles |Teaching |Research dynamic |Correspondence education |Information construction |Digital library |Email |Where you are: the academic journal theory of the ministry of railways and the main body of the articleHow to evaluate the quality of enterprise assets2007-09-03 reading: 267 default font 9pt 10pt 11pt 12pt 13pt14pt 15pt 16pt 17pt 18pt, 18pt 25ptNiuGuoJiang(ministry of railway party school, Beijing 100088)Enterprise's assets is the material basis for the enterprise to survive and profit, the survival condition of enterprises determined by the quality of assets and to the difficulty of the profit, so every enterprise stakeholders are very concerned about the enterprise asset quality, so how to analyze and evaluate the quality of enterprise assets? The author thinks that, due to the quality of assets "refers to the asset cashability, effective use of the ability of profits of enterprises, and other asset portfolio to achieve value-added ability, therefore, the quality of assets should balance the profit ability, operating ability and asset structure, asset item analysis for comprehensive evaluation.First, the evaluation of the profitability of the assetsIn general, often used in evaluating profitability of financial indicators have sales gross profit margin, net interest rate, return on equity, return on total assets, such as index, the author thinks that although the four index to a certain extent, can reflect the enterprise assets USES the profit ability, but in comparison, with total assets of yields to evaluate companies use assets profit ability the most appropriate, most can reflect the quality of enterprise assets. This is because:The sales gross margin mainly reflects the ability of the product or service of an enterprise to obtain gross profitSales gross profit margin = (advocate business wu income - main business costs) present advocate business wu income by 100%, the formula reflecting advocate business wu income per one hundred yuan can bring how many gross profit to enterprise. The high rate of gross margin indicates that the products or services provided by the enterprise are competitive, or that the product or industry is a profiteering or profiteering industry. The profitability of the product or service is a requirement for asset profitability.Sales net interest rates mainly reflect the ability of enterprise products or services to achieve net profit.This ability represents the management level of the business operator to some extentNet interest rate = net profit is the main business revenue by 100 per cent, which reflects the net profit per 100 yuan business revenue. A high net interest rate indicates a strong ability to net interest in products or services. Since net profit is the difference between the total revenue and total cost of the enterprise, the net interest rate often represents the management level of the enterprise operator.The rate of return is mainly reflected in the capital invested by investors and their ability to accumulate net profitsThe return rate of net income = net income is equal to 100 percent of the equity of the owner's equity, which reflects the effect that the business operator is engaged in the capital and its accumulation. The indicators not only reflect the management level of the enterprise operator, but also reflects the business operators use of financial leverage the ability of earning an extra return for investors.The total return on assets reflects the use of corporate assets in general, showing the ability of enterprises to use all their assets to gain profitabilityThe total assets yield = the total value of the total assets by 100 per cent. The formula is understood to be how much profit can be obtained by using every hundred dollar assets. The formula does not take into account the interest expenses and tax factors, covering all of enterprise assets, don't ask, don't capital source channel, comprehensive inspection Angle, and therefore the most direct, the most comprehensive and truly reflect the comprehensive utilization efficiency of enterprise assets and profit ability, is one of the best indicators reflect the quality of assets.Therefore, when evaluating the overall profitability of assets, should focus on comparison and analysis of total return on assets, at the same time pay attention to the appropriate sales gross margin and sales net interest rate and net return on target.Evaluation of the operational capability of the enterpriseOperation ability refers to the enterprise assets turnover operation ability, usually can use the total asset turnover, fixed asset turnover and current assets turnover, inventory turnover and accounts receivable turnover of the five financial ratios to the enterprise operation ability step by step analysis. Operation ability reflects the enterprise assets and make use of the efficiency of the operation ability of the enterprise, contribute to the growth of the profit ability, thus ensure enterprise good solvency, so high quality assets must be embodied in efficient operation ability.Total assets turnover rateAll total asset turnover is a comprehensive evaluation of enterprise assets management quality and efficiency of the important indexes, total assets turnover ratio = core business net income present total assets by an average of 100%. Total asset turnover reflect the enterprise net assets to create the main business income, manifests the enterprise in a certain period all their assets from input to output the cycle flow speed, fully reflect the enterprise all assets quality and efficiency. Generally speaking, the higher the turnover rate of the total assets, the better the management of the enterprise assets,The more revenue you get, the more efficient the assets will be, the faster the turnover will be.Turnover of liquid assetsCurrent assets turnover is another major index for enterprise asset utilization efficiency evaluation, net current assets turnover ratio = advocate business wu income present total current assets by an average of 100%. The turnover rate of the current assets reflects the turnover velocity of the enterprise's current assets, i.e. the efficiency of the current assets. The higher the turnover rate, the higher the income that the flow assets create, the higher value of the realization, the profitability of the enterprise, the high quality of the liquid assets. Generally speaking, the current assets turnover rate is high, the enterprises in the use of assets on the three aspects of achievements: reasonable hold monetary funds, accounts receivable recovery fast, inventory turnover is fast.Fixed asset turnover rateFixed assets is a kind of important enterprise assets, a large proportion in total assets, more important is the production capacity of fixed assets related to the production and quality of enterprise products, which is related to the profitability of a company. So the efficiency of fixed assets is critical to the business. A fixed asset turnover rate is a measure of its efficiency. The fixed assets turnover ratio = the net income of the main business income is the net value of fixed assets by 100%. In order to improve the turnover rate of fixed assets, the enterprise should strengthen the management of fixed assets, and make the investment of fixed assets properly and structurally sound. Too big, causing the equipment to sit idle, creating waste of assets and reducing the use of fixed assets; Small scale, small production capacity, no scale benefit.Accounts receivable turnover rateThe turnover rate of accounts receivable reflects the turnover rate of accounts receivable, which is a supplement to the turnover rate of current assets. Accounts receivable turnover = account receivable average of accounts receivable of accounts receivable average of 100 percent, receivable turnover = 360 days of account receivable turnover. The turnover rate of accounts receivable reflects the speed and efficiency of the enterprise receivables. High turnover rate, indicates that enterprises collect, rapidly aging period is shorter, collect fees can be reduced and the bad debt losses, and relative increase investment enterprise liquid assets, therefore, accounts receivable turnover ratio is high, on behalf of the high quality of accounts receivable. Of course, the turnover rate is too high, also bad for the enterprise to expand the sales, increase the market share of the product.Inventory turnover rateInventory turnover is the supplement of current asset turnover, the enterprises are evaluated from the inventory, production to sales to recover the condition of each link such as management comprehensive index. Inventory turnover = cost of sales = average inventory of sales / 100% of inventory. Inventory turnover = 360 days of inventory turnover. Inventory is one of the most important components of liquid assets. It is not only significant, but also valuable. Therefore, the speed of inventory turnover has a direct impact on the solvency and profitability of the enterprise. In general, inventory turnover is higher,The smaller the risk of inventory backlogs, the more efficient the use of capital and the high quality of inventory. On the contrary, the inventory turnover rate is low, which indicates that there are more problems in inventory management, and the inventory quality is poor.Third, the appraisal of the asset structureThe asset structure refers to the proportion of the various assets of an enterprise. Assets operation efficiency depends largely on whether the assets structure is reasonable, the allocation of resources is in line with the enterprise internal demand the production and business operation, so the assets structure reasonable or not directly affect the profitability of enterprise assets.Liquidity ratiosCurrent asset ratio refers to the ratio of current assets to total assets. The current assets ratio = the total assets of the liquid assets by 100 percent. Liquid assets represent short-term funds that can be used by enterprises, which have the characteristics of short turnover and quick turnover. So the higher the ratio of liquid assets, explain enterprise current assets proportion in total assets, the greater the liquidity of enterprise assets and the stronger the cashability, enterprise risk ability is stronger; But, in general, liquidity is weak, so excess liquidity is not a good thing.Fixed asset ratioFixed assets ratio refers to the ratio of fixed assets to total assets. Fixed asset ratio = fixed assets total assets total by 100%. Represents the enterprise's production capacity of fixed assets, fixed assets ratio is too low, the production and operation of the enterprise scale is restricted, not form scale economy, the enterprise labor productivity and reduce the adverse effects of production cost, thus affect the profitability of total assets. But if the fixed assets ratio is too high, beyond the needs of the enterprise, its growth than sales growth, not only affect the liquidity and marketability, and also will be a bad impact on enterprise. At the same time, enterprise production and non-production use should maintain a proper proportion of fixed assets, fixed assets for production shall all be put into use, and can run at full capacity, and can completely meet the needs of production and operation, non-production use of fixed assets should be able to really take on the responsibilities of the service. The excessive investment of non-productive fixed assets in enterprises leads to low fixed asset utilization, thereby reducing the overall fixed assets and the quality of total assets.Non-current asset ratioNon-current assets refer to all the assets other than current assets, including fixed assets, intangible assets, long-term investments, long-term prepaid expenses and other assets, etc. Non-current asset ratio refers to the ratio of non-current assets to total assets. The ratio of non-current assets = (fixed assets + long-term investment + intangible assets + long-term deferred expenses and other assets) assets total by 100%. Non-current assets represent the funds that the enterprise can use for a long period of time. Excessive non-current assets will cause a range of problems: one is to generate huge fixed costs and increase the risk of losses.Second, it reduces the turnover of assets and increases the risk of operating inadequacies. Third, it reduces the resilience of the assets and weakens the ability of enterprises to adjust their cameras. So companies should keep the non-current asset ratio at a lower level.Iv. Asset project analysisIn addition to the use of the above indicators for evaluation of enterprise assets accordingly, we should also analyze each assets one by one, in order to more accurately evaluate the quality of assets. In the analysis of asset projects, I think the following questions should be grasped:The bad debts of the project receivableAccounts receivable include notes receivable, accounts receivable and other receivables. Due to the possibility of bad debts, the assets of the project receivable are doomed to be recycled below the book value. The quality of the asset is directly affected by the accuracy of the provision of bad loans.The impairment of some assetsShort-term investments, inventories, long-term investments, projects under construction, fixed assets, intangible assets and other assets impairment may occur at the end of term, provision for the enterprise asset impairment provision of accurate or not will also affect the quality of the assets.The value added problem of some assetsDue to the historical cost principle and the principle of caution, the assets of the enterprise in accordance with the enterprise obtain the cost of the assets listed zhang, but with the passage of time and the change of economic environment, the enterprise has the practical value of part of the assets more than the original cost account. For example, a significant proportion of the fixed assets of the enterprise will increase in the future, such as the real estate of the enterprise. The short term investments and long-term investments that have not been made on paper due to the non-circulation, etc. Once the sale is made, the profit will be made, but the finished product, the semi-finished product, which is currently priced in historical cost.[adding a collection] [recommendation to a friend] [printing] [closing] [BBS discussion]Current score: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5The ministry of railways' party school copyright all Beijing ICP standbyAddress: Beijing haidian district, no.27 zip: 100088E-mail: [email protected]

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